Hey Sugar0o, long time no see
Hope you're doing well!
I use a plethora of Japanese words, enough so to make a whole glossary on my account which gets updated weekly (I have to add about six words even to this list, haha). So, for Japanese Words, here's my input.
((NOTE: Please interpret ö and ü as having lines '-' over them, not '..'. My apologies, but these '..' symbols are the closest things I can offer in terms of visual queues.))
ö - A letter used in place of 'ou', which happens to be the phonetic sound and closest spelling of 'ö' without writers needing to seek the special character out in their word documents. For instance, depending on who is writing it, Sesshömaru may also be seen spelled as 'Sesshoumaru' or simply as 'Sesshomaru' (all three are acceptable). Also, not every 'o' sounds like 'ou' in Japanese, so both 'o' and 'ö' make common appearances.
ü - Another letter used in Romanji (spelling of Japanese words based off of the roman alphabet and rules of pronunciation). I am not entirely sure what sound it makes, but it does appear sometimes.
-chan - A suffix used to communicate endearment between speaker and addressee.
Denka - An honorific used after stating the name of a prince or a princess (non-sovereign royalty).
Fushigi na Döbutsu - Literally meaning 'Animal of Wonder', this rare term is used to describe an animal with human levels of intellect which is capable of emitting humanoid sounds or even speech. Kitsune (foxes) are prone to this title, since they may take the appearance of a fox and still act and sound like a human.
Heika - An honorific used for addressing a ruler (sovereign royalty).
Hidenka - An honorific used after stating the name of the consort of a prince (denka).
Höshi - A priest who has dedicated his life to the teachings of Buddha and follows the practices of Buddhism. Similar to miko save for religious practices.
Inu - Directly translates to 'dog'.
Jyaki - The malicious, tainted form of yökai energy. This word is used in reference to any energy-based attack performed by someone with habitually cruel intentions. For example, Naraku's miasma attack is referred to as jyaki by Sango in Japanese, but Shippö's Foxfire is seen as yöki (the yin to jyaki's yang). Also see yöki.
Kami - In Shinto faith, kami are spirits or natural forces. Often translated to mean 'God' or 'deity', such a translation is not wholly accurate.
Ki - Commonly known as chi or qi (Chinese words for ki) and commonly referred to as 'spiritual energy', is the basic, universal life energy which is believed to flow through all matter. Individuals who dedicate themselves to spiritual teachings and practice self-awareness meditation are believed to be able to possess higher levels and awareness of ki. This energy is not found in yöki-manipulating yökai, or in other words, it is not found in apparitions who break free of the universal life cycle and live off of their own energy, yöki. Yökai are considered as an imbalance to the otherwise perfect cycle of life energy, and both miko and höshi may exercise the spirit of a yökai with the intention of bringing them back into the natural cycle.
Kitsune - Literally meaning 'fox', this term refers most commonly to the trickster kitsuneyökai, which are capable of tricking human men (their preferred prey for pranks) by transforming into women and luring them astray.
-kun - A suffix used by an elder to address someone younger, or to address any male child or teenager. Calling a male adult kun can be used as an insult to imply immaturity. The suffix may also be used for younger family members of any gender or in some business settings for any gender.
Miko - A shrine maiden who has dedicated herself to the ways of Shinto. Various levels of skill are found in different miko, including individuals who clean the shrines and perform basic ceremonies, individuals capable of chanting charms onto objects or beings, individuals who have mastered their ki (spiritual energy) and exercise great control over it to the point of being able to attack with it in the form of reiatsu (spiritual 'pressure'), and everyone in between. Also see reiryoku.
*Miko Clothing - On their feet, miko wear the split-toed (tabi) socks with zori sandals (which were traditionally made from woven straw or rush stalks and bamboo bark). There is a difference between traditional miko clothing and that which Rumiko Takahashi used, and I will describe them in that order. **Traditionally speaking, miko wore two layers of clothing, the layer we see and undergarments. The undergarments consisted of a wrap-style underskirt (susoyake) which ended short of the ankles and prevented the miko's feet from becoming tangled in the next two layers which cover her legs, and a wrap-style shirt (hadajuban) made of a thin gauze material which is slightly see-through and which consists of short sleeves and ends at the waist. Over these undergarments the miko puts on her long white robe (hakui) which ends around the ankles and in tied into place around the waist with a lightweight obi. Over this kimono-like layer goes the final garment, the andon-bakama (named for its resemblance of a Japanese paper lantern) or hibakama (named for the red color). Generally speaking, it is called hakama, and the design is like a skirt but complicated. As opposed to staying in one piece from ankles to waist, this style hakama splits into a front panel and a back panel starting at knee length, both halves sporting long thick strips of fabric for securing the garment. To put it on, miko step into the center of the hakama (in regards to it being a full skirt around the hem) and take the front half up to tie around the waist and once at the back. Once this is secured, the back half will be hanging down by their ankles. They pick this up, place the stiffened hem around the bow (holding the front half in place) at the small of their back, and tie the cords once in the front into a bow. With that, the miko is traditionally dressed. **Rumiko Takahashi did not give her characters traditional miko clothing, but rather 'pants' (a style of hakama called either machidaka-hakama or umanori-hakama, which are differentiated depending on whether they have a high godet or are designed for riding horseback [respectively]) and a 'shirt' (which most closely resembles a kosode-kimono, or 'short kimono', but the sleeve length is too short). When dressing in this fashion, a miko would have worn a hadajuban (completely optional from what I've seen of Rumiko's work), a white 'kosode', and tied over that either the machidaka-hakama or the umanori-hakama, which would make wearing a hakui improbable due to the split legs and the hakui's length.
As exemplified by Kikyö, sode-kukuri (cords) may be woven through the hems of the sleeves for decoration, and a muha-himo string may be looped around the neck (but its purpose is to attach to the lapels (eri) of the garment and tied together to help keep the garment shut). Another clothing option (for ceremonies) is the chihaya, which is worn as an outer, large-sleeved robe which ends at the knees over the miko garb, and requires the use of muha-himo to keep it in place. Here is a link to an ordained, traditionally garbed miko wearing the chihaya for visual aid:
www.shop-japan.co.jp/english-boku/image-e/s06-871s.gif
*Miko Hairstyles - A miko's hair style denotes her rank as a miko. Those with unbound hair are apprentices (jokin) who may serve as part-time assistants for a shrine. Ordained miko wear their hair pulled back, and may wear a hair ornament of washi (white handmade paper) strips tied on by red and white (ceremonial colors) cords called mizuhiki.
no kimi - An honorific used to identify a lord or lady. It typically implies that the addressee of the speaker has great importance and their respect for the other is very high, or is reserved for members of the court. In modern times, it can be used as a joke or to mock someone, calling them a 'princess' based off of behavior.
Oni - A simpleton yökai with low levels of yöki, possessing both human- and animal-based physical features.
Reiatsu - (spiritual pressure). Someone capable of manipulating ki (spiritual energy) is also capable of manipulating said ki into something, said 'something' being generally called reiatsu. Reiatsu can be anything from the energy put into a sütra to a purifying barrier. The power of an individual's reiatsu is measured and limited by their reiryoku.
Reiryoku - The measure of total potential achieved by an individual in terms of ki and their manipulation of it into reiatsu.
**The two definitions above are tricky to differentiate (at least they were for me with the definitions I found online). The following sentence may help: Reiryoku is the term for the total potential with which someone can manipulate their ki and exert it into reiatsu.
-sama - An honorable suffix used to address someone higher in status than one's self, even in terms of a supermarket employee addressing a customer.
-san - The most common respectful suffix, basically translates to Mr., Mrs., Ms. or Miss.
Sütra - Pieces of rectangular paper with charms or spells written on them in ink.
(-)Tennö - I've seen this as both an honorific and as a suffix [hence the (-)]. Literally translates to 'Emperor'.
Yasha - In Japanese, it is a word for 'devil demon'. Due to a commonality in its pronunciation though, many misinterpret it to translate to 'female demon', which is incorrect. In Hebrew, which carries influence into many Asian countries through Buddhism (which began in Nepal and traveled north and east), Yasha is one of four words used to talk about 'salvation' (which covers other words, including prosperity, rescue and wholeness). A yasha in Indian mythology was originally a goblin demon, but changed due to the influences of Buddhism.
Yökai - An 'apparition', including anything from a glowing spirit orb (yürei), devoid of yöki attributes and benign in nature, to a great and powerful apparition such as Sesshömaru (inugami daiyökai). More species- or status-specific terms may be categorized under the general reference word 'yökai', including oni and fushigi na döbutsu.
Yöki - The controlled, filtered form of yökai energy. This word is used in reference to any energy-based attack performed by a yökai who has not been tainted in spirit by ill deeds, and therefore possesses an innate good nature. For example, Shippö manipulates yöki while performing his Foxfire, and Köga can outrun his comrades with ease because of his superior amount and control of yöki fueling him forward (this use of yöki is also why Kagome can sense him approaching). Also see jyaki.
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